Documentos institucionales DDSS

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11764/17

En esta colección se recopila la documentación publicada en la Dirección de Desarrollo de Servicios de Salud

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Clostridium difficile outbreak in Costa Rica: control actions and associated factors
(Los autores, 2012) Wong McClure, Roy; Guevara Rodríguez, Moraima; Abarca Gómez, Leandra; Solano Chinchilla, Antonio; Marchena Picado, Margarita; O’Shea, Michele; Badilla Vargas, Xiomara
Objective. To describe interventions implemented during a nosocomial outbreak of Clostridium difficile in a general hospital in Costa Rica from December 2009 to April 2010 in order to achieve outbreak control and the factors determined to be associated with C. difficile infection. Methods. Laboratory-confirmed cases of C. difficile were analyzed to describe the outbreak pattern and intervention measures implemented. Cases were selected and recruited in a casecontrol study. Controls were selected from the same services and time period as the cases. Evaluated exposures included underlying medical conditions and treatments administered before the onset of symptoms. Results. The mean ages in case and control groups were 62.3 and 55.3 years, respectively. Control measures included a hand-hygiene campaign, deep disinfection of hospital surfaces, strict isolation of cases, use of personal protection equipment, and restriction of antibiotic use. The adjusted attributable risks associated with the outbreak were diabetes [odds ratio (OR) 3.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5–7.7], chronic renal failure (OR 9.0, 95% CI 1.5–53.0), and prescribing ceftazidime (OR 33.3, 95% CI 2.9–385.5) and cefotaxime (OR 20.4, 95% CI 6.9–60.3). Conclusions. Timely implementation of control measures resulted in reduced infection transmission and successful control of the outbreak. Conditions associated with C. difficile infection were similar to those found in previously described outbreaks of this bacterium.
Long term effect of infection control practices and associated factors during a major Clostridium difficile outbreak in Costa Rica
(2013) Wong McClure, Roy; Ramírez Salas, Elenita; Mora Brenes, Nury; Aguero Sandí, Lorena; Morera Sigler, Maritza; Badilla Vargas, Xiomara; Hernández de Merzerville, Marcela; O’Shea, Michele; Bryce, Elizabeth
Introduction: The C. difficile BI/NAP 1 hyper virulent strain has been responsible for the nosocomial outbreaks in several Countries. The present study describes the infection control strategies utilized to achieve outbreak control as well as the factors associated with a C. difficile BI/NAP 1 hyper virulent strain outbreak in Costa Rica. Methodology: A descriptive analysis of the C. difficile outbreak was completed for the period of January 2007 to December 2010 in one affected hospital. An unmatched case-control study was subsequently performed to evaluate the association of exposure factors with C. difficile infection. Results: The pattern of the outbreak was characterized by a sharp increase in the incidence rate during the initial weeks of the outbreak, which was followed by a reduction in the incidence curve as several infection control measures were implemented. The C. difficile BI/NAP1 infection was associated with the prescription of antibiotics, in particular levofloxacin (OR: 9.3; 95%CI: 2.1-40.2), meropenem (OR: 4.9, 95%CI: 1.0-22.9), cefotaxime (OR: 4.3, 95%CI: 2.4-7.7), as well as a medical history of diabetes mellitus (OR: 2.9, 95%CI: 1.5-5.8). Conclusions: The infection control strategies implemented proved to be effective in achieving outbreak control and in maintaining the baseline C. difficile incidence rate following it. The reported C. difficile outbreak was associated with the prescription of broad-spectrum antibiotics and a medical history of diabetes.
Vigilancia de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular
(CCSS, 2011) Wong McClure, Roy; Abarca Gómez, Leandra; Rovira Jiménez, Giselle; Cervantes Loaiza, Marvin; Badilla Vargas, Xiomara
Desde hace varios años el perfil epidemiológico de Costa Rica ha evidenciado contar con una importante carga de enfermedad atribuida a las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, lo que ha llevado a un verdadero reto en la planificación de servicios y de estrategias orientadas a la prevención y el control. La Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social como parte de sus acciones orientadas a mejorar el bienestar de la población, inició desde el 2008 la planificación del Sistema de Vigilancia de Factores de Riesgo de Enfermedades Crónicas dentro de la Vigilancia Epidemiológica institucional, con el objetivo de orientar estrategias adecuadas a los factores condicionantes a estos eventos. El sistema citado posterior a su diseño fue implementado durante el 2010 a nivel de todos los establecimientos de salud institucionales, con la participación activa del personal técnico y profesional del primer nivel de atención.

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Examinando Documentos institucionales DDSS por Autor "Badilla Vargas, Xiomara"